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Research Article
Numerical Modeling of Multi-Tiered Reinforced Fly Ash Wall
Pallavi N. Gharade1
Dr. A.P. Dange2
1,2 Department of Civil Engineering, Government College of Engineering Amravati, Maharashtra, India.
Published Online: May-June 2024
Pages: 47-55
Cite this article
No DOIReferences
1. Bathurst, R. J., Y. Mitaya, and T. M. Allen 2010. “Facing Displacements in Geosynthetic Reinforced Soil Walls.” Proc. 2010 Earth Retention
Conf. (ER 2010), ASCE Geo-Institute, Bellevue, Washington, 1-4 August. 442–459.
2. Berg, R. R., B. R. Christopher, and N. C. Samtani 2009. “Design of Mechanically Stabilized Earth Walls and Reinforced Soil Slopes —
Volume I.” FHWA Report No. FHWA-NHI-10-024.
3. B.M.Das.2013 “Principles of foundation engineering”, 7 Edition.
4. Chalermyanont, T., and C. H. Benson. 2004. “Reliability-Based Design for Internal Stability of Mechanically Stabilized Earth Walls.”
Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering. ASCE. 130: 163–173.
5. Dutta, S., and J. N. Mandal. 2015. “Model Studies on Geocell-Reinforced Fly Ash Bed Overlying Soft Clay.” Journal of Materials in Civil
Engineering 28 (2): 04015091-1-04015091-13. doi:10.1061/(ASCE) MT.1943-5533.0001356.
6. Dutta, S., and J. N. Mandal. 2016. “Numerical Analyses on Cellular Mattress – Reinforced Fly Ash Beds Overlying Soft Clay.” International
Journal of Geomechanics 17 (4): 4016095-1-4016095– 17. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0000772
7. Ghosh, A., A. Ghosh, and A. K. Bera. 2005. “Bearing Capacity of Square Footing on Pond Ash Reinforced with Jute-Geotextile.” Geotextiles
and Geomembranes 23 (2): 144–173. doi: 10.1016/j.geotexmem.2004.07.002.
8. Ghosh, A., A. Ghosh, and A. K. Bera. 2005. “Bearing Capacity of Square Footing on Pond Ash Reinforced with Jute-Geotextile.” Geotextiles
and Geomembranes 23 (2): 144–173. doi: 10.1016/j.geotexmem.2004.07.002.
9. Hatami, K., R. J. Bathurst, and P. Pietro. 2001. “Static Response of Reinforced Soil Retaining Walls with Non-uniform Reinforcement.”
International Journal of Geomechanics 1 (4): 477–506. doi:10.1061/ (ASCE)1532-3641(2001)1:4(477).
10. IS 3812-1 (2033): Specification for Pulverized Fuel Ash, Part 1:
11. Kim, S. B., and C. Yoo. 2008. “Performance of a Two-Tier Geosynthetic Reinforced Segmental Retaining Wall under a Surcharge Load:
Full-Scale Load Test and 3D Finite Element Analysis.” Geotextiles and Geomembranes 26 (6): 460–472
12. Kim, B., M. Prezzi, and R. Salgado. 2008. “Geotechnical Properties of Fly and Bottom Ash Mixtures for Use in Highway Embankments.”
Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering. ASCE 131 (7): 914–924
13. Krieger, J., and B. R. Thamm. 1991. “Studies of Failure Mechanisms and Design Methods for Geotextile-Reinforced Soil Walls.” Geotextiles
and Geomembranes 10 (1): 53–63.
14. Kumar, A., and J. N. Mandal. 2017. “Effect of Reinforcement on Multi-tiered Fly Ash Wall.” Procedia Engineering 189: 446–453.
15. Lal, B. R. R., and J. N. Mandal. 2013. “Study Of Cellular Reinforced Fly Ash under Triaxial Loading Conditions.” International Journal Of
Geotechnical Engineering 7 (1): 91-104. doi:10.1179/ 1938636212Z.0000000001.
16. Lal, B. R. R., and J. N. Mandal. 2014a. “Feasibility Study on Fly Ash as Backfill Material in Cellular Reinforced Walls.” Electronic Journal
of Geotechnical Engineering 17: 1437–1458.
17. Leshchinsky, D., and E. B. Perry. 1989. “On the Design of Geosynthetic-Reinforced Walls.” Geotextiles and Geomembranes 8: 1–323.
18. Leshchinsky, D., and J. Han. 2004. “Geosynthetic Reinforced Multitiered Walls.” Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental
Engineering. ASCE. 130: 1235–1255
19. Mohamed, S. B. A., K. H. Yang, and W. Y. Hung. 2014. “Finite Element Analyses of Two-Tier Geosynthetic-Reinforced Soil Walls:
Comparison Involving Centrifuge Tests and Limit Equilibrium Results.” Computers and Geotechnics 61: 67–84
20. Mohammad Al-Barqawi 2021," Polymer Geogrids: A Review of Material, Design and Structure Relationships”, 14, 4745
21. MIDAS GTS user manual
22. NCMA. 1997, "Segmental retaining walls"
23. Prateek Malik, Sudipta K. Mishra Volume-10 Issue-3, January 2021Geosynthetics Stabilizers and Fly Ash for Soil Subgrade Improvement –
A State of the Art Review ISSN: 2278-3075, International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE)
24. Sawicki, A., and D. Les̀ niewska. 1986. “Failure Modes and Bearing Capacity of Reinforced Soil Retaining Walls.” Geotextiles and
Geomembranes 5: 29–44.
25. Wright, S. G. 2005. “Design Guidelines for Multi-Tiered MSE Walls.” FHWA Report No. FHWA/TX-05/0-4485-2
26. Yoo, C., and H. S. Jung. 2004. “Measured Behavior of a Geosynthetic-Reinforced Segmental Retaining Wall in a Tiered Configuration.”
Geotextiles and Geomembranes 22: 359–376.
27. Yoo, C., Y. S. Jang, and I. J. Park. 2011. “Internal Stability of Geosynthetic- Reinforced Soil Walls in Tiered Configuration.” Geosynthetics
International 18 (2): 74–83.
28. Leshchinsky, D., and E. B. Perry. 1989. “On the Design of Geosynthetic-Reinforced Walls.” Geotextiles and Geomembranes 8: 1–323.
29. Leshchinsky, D., and J. Han. 2004. “Geosynthetic Reinforced Multitiered Walls.” Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental
Engineering. ASCE. 130: 1235–1255.
Conf. (ER 2010), ASCE Geo-Institute, Bellevue, Washington, 1-4 August. 442–459.
2. Berg, R. R., B. R. Christopher, and N. C. Samtani 2009. “Design of Mechanically Stabilized Earth Walls and Reinforced Soil Slopes —
Volume I.” FHWA Report No. FHWA-NHI-10-024.
3. B.M.Das.2013 “Principles of foundation engineering”, 7 Edition.
4. Chalermyanont, T., and C. H. Benson. 2004. “Reliability-Based Design for Internal Stability of Mechanically Stabilized Earth Walls.”
Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering. ASCE. 130: 163–173.
5. Dutta, S., and J. N. Mandal. 2015. “Model Studies on Geocell-Reinforced Fly Ash Bed Overlying Soft Clay.” Journal of Materials in Civil
Engineering 28 (2): 04015091-1-04015091-13. doi:10.1061/(ASCE) MT.1943-5533.0001356.
6. Dutta, S., and J. N. Mandal. 2016. “Numerical Analyses on Cellular Mattress – Reinforced Fly Ash Beds Overlying Soft Clay.” International
Journal of Geomechanics 17 (4): 4016095-1-4016095– 17. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0000772
7. Ghosh, A., A. Ghosh, and A. K. Bera. 2005. “Bearing Capacity of Square Footing on Pond Ash Reinforced with Jute-Geotextile.” Geotextiles
and Geomembranes 23 (2): 144–173. doi: 10.1016/j.geotexmem.2004.07.002.
8. Ghosh, A., A. Ghosh, and A. K. Bera. 2005. “Bearing Capacity of Square Footing on Pond Ash Reinforced with Jute-Geotextile.” Geotextiles
and Geomembranes 23 (2): 144–173. doi: 10.1016/j.geotexmem.2004.07.002.
9. Hatami, K., R. J. Bathurst, and P. Pietro. 2001. “Static Response of Reinforced Soil Retaining Walls with Non-uniform Reinforcement.”
International Journal of Geomechanics 1 (4): 477–506. doi:10.1061/ (ASCE)1532-3641(2001)1:4(477).
10. IS 3812-1 (2033): Specification for Pulverized Fuel Ash, Part 1:
11. Kim, S. B., and C. Yoo. 2008. “Performance of a Two-Tier Geosynthetic Reinforced Segmental Retaining Wall under a Surcharge Load:
Full-Scale Load Test and 3D Finite Element Analysis.” Geotextiles and Geomembranes 26 (6): 460–472
12. Kim, B., M. Prezzi, and R. Salgado. 2008. “Geotechnical Properties of Fly and Bottom Ash Mixtures for Use in Highway Embankments.”
Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering. ASCE 131 (7): 914–924
13. Krieger, J., and B. R. Thamm. 1991. “Studies of Failure Mechanisms and Design Methods for Geotextile-Reinforced Soil Walls.” Geotextiles
and Geomembranes 10 (1): 53–63.
14. Kumar, A., and J. N. Mandal. 2017. “Effect of Reinforcement on Multi-tiered Fly Ash Wall.” Procedia Engineering 189: 446–453.
15. Lal, B. R. R., and J. N. Mandal. 2013. “Study Of Cellular Reinforced Fly Ash under Triaxial Loading Conditions.” International Journal Of
Geotechnical Engineering 7 (1): 91-104. doi:10.1179/ 1938636212Z.0000000001.
16. Lal, B. R. R., and J. N. Mandal. 2014a. “Feasibility Study on Fly Ash as Backfill Material in Cellular Reinforced Walls.” Electronic Journal
of Geotechnical Engineering 17: 1437–1458.
17. Leshchinsky, D., and E. B. Perry. 1989. “On the Design of Geosynthetic-Reinforced Walls.” Geotextiles and Geomembranes 8: 1–323.
18. Leshchinsky, D., and J. Han. 2004. “Geosynthetic Reinforced Multitiered Walls.” Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental
Engineering. ASCE. 130: 1235–1255
19. Mohamed, S. B. A., K. H. Yang, and W. Y. Hung. 2014. “Finite Element Analyses of Two-Tier Geosynthetic-Reinforced Soil Walls:
Comparison Involving Centrifuge Tests and Limit Equilibrium Results.” Computers and Geotechnics 61: 67–84
20. Mohammad Al-Barqawi 2021," Polymer Geogrids: A Review of Material, Design and Structure Relationships”, 14, 4745
21. MIDAS GTS user manual
22. NCMA. 1997, "Segmental retaining walls"
23. Prateek Malik, Sudipta K. Mishra Volume-10 Issue-3, January 2021Geosynthetics Stabilizers and Fly Ash for Soil Subgrade Improvement –
A State of the Art Review ISSN: 2278-3075, International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE)
24. Sawicki, A., and D. Les̀ niewska. 1986. “Failure Modes and Bearing Capacity of Reinforced Soil Retaining Walls.” Geotextiles and
Geomembranes 5: 29–44.
25. Wright, S. G. 2005. “Design Guidelines for Multi-Tiered MSE Walls.” FHWA Report No. FHWA/TX-05/0-4485-2
26. Yoo, C., and H. S. Jung. 2004. “Measured Behavior of a Geosynthetic-Reinforced Segmental Retaining Wall in a Tiered Configuration.”
Geotextiles and Geomembranes 22: 359–376.
27. Yoo, C., Y. S. Jang, and I. J. Park. 2011. “Internal Stability of Geosynthetic- Reinforced Soil Walls in Tiered Configuration.” Geosynthetics
International 18 (2): 74–83.
28. Leshchinsky, D., and E. B. Perry. 1989. “On the Design of Geosynthetic-Reinforced Walls.” Geotextiles and Geomembranes 8: 1–323.
29. Leshchinsky, D., and J. Han. 2004. “Geosynthetic Reinforced Multitiered Walls.” Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental
Engineering. ASCE. 130: 1235–1255.
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