ARCHIVES
Review Article
Structures, Properties and Applications of Ferrites: A Brief Review
Vijay V. Soman1
Vaishali V. Soman2
Leena C. Joshi3
1 Department of Physics, Shri Mathuradas Mohota College of Science, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India. 2 Department of Applied Physics, Priyadarshini College of Engineering, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India. 3 Department of Physics, St. Xavier's College, Mumbai, India.
Published Online: March-April 2026
Pages: 16-23
Cite this article
↗ https://www.doi.org/10.59256/ijsreat.20260602003
References
1. Cullity BD, Graham CD. Introduction to Magnetic Materials. 2nd ed. Hoboken (NJ): IEEE Press, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2009.
2. Smit J, Wijn HPJ. Ferrites. New York: Wiley; 1959.
3. Neel L. Propriétés optiques des ferrites de nickel et de cobalt. Ann Phys. 1948;3:137.
4. Pullar RC. Hexagonal ferrites: A review of the synthesis, properties and applications of hexaferrite ceramics. Prog Mater Sci.
2012;57(7):1191-334.
5. Singh S, Narang SB. Structural, morphological and magnetic properties of Co-Zr substituted M-type Ba-Sr hexaferrites. Ceram Int.
2019;45(9):11415-24.
6. Zhou X, Wang J, Liu Q. Recent advances in magnetic materials. J Mater Sci Technol. 2020;36:1.
7. Wang L, Hiu H, Li Z. Research progress on microwave absorbing materials. Compos Part B Eng. 2022;234:109726.
8. Li X, Feng J, Du Y. Structural and magnetic properties of hexaferrites. J Alloys Compd. 2020;820:153132.
9. Gavrila H, Ionita V. Soft magnetic materials: applications and perspectives. J Optoelectron Adv Mater. 2002;4(2):173-92.
10. Wyckoff RWG. Crystal Structures. New York: John Wiley; 1963.
11. Valant M, Suvorov D. Microstructural mechanisms of the magnetoelectric effect in ferrites. J Magn Magn Mater. 2019;469:301-10.
12. Fishman RS, Haraldsen JT. Microscopic theory of the magnetic phases of hexaferrites. Phys Rev B. 2018;98(1):014420.
13. Liu Y, Zhang X, Yang H. Influence of ion substitution on hexaferrites. J Alloys Compd. 2020;827:154287.
14. Kimura T. Magnetoelectric hexaferrites. Annu Rev Mater Res. 2021;51:1-25.
15. Soman VV, Nanoti VM, Kulkarni DK. Dielectric and magnetic properties of substituted hexaferrites. Ceram Int. 2013;39(5):5723-8.
16. Gorter EW, Went JJ, Rathenll GW. Barium hexaferrite as a permanent magnet material. Philips Tech Rev. 1952;13:194.
17. Takadas T, Kiyama M. Preparation of ferrites by wet method. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Ferrites; 1970; Japan.
Tokyo: University of Tokyo Press; 1970. p. 96.
18. Matijevic E. Monodispersed metal (hydrous) oxides—A fascinating field of colloid science. J Colloid Interface Sci. 1987;117(2):593-601.
19. Kaczmarek WA, Calka A, Ninham BW. Synthesis of ferrites by mechanochemical processing. Mater Chem Phys. 1992;32(1):43-51.
20. Sankaranarayanan VKS, Pankhurst QA, Dickson DPE, Johnson CE. Magnetic properties of fine particle hexaferrites. J Magn Magn Mater.
1993;125(1-2):199-208.
21. Shirk BT, Buesem WR. Magnetic properties of barium hexaferrite powders. J Am Ceram Soc. 1970;53(4):192-6.
22. Ataie A, Piramoon NR, Harris IR, Ponton CB. Magnetic properties of substituted barium hexaferrite. J Mater Sci. 1995;30:5600.
23. Adelskold V. X-ray studies on magneto-plumbite. Ark Kemi Mineral Geol. 1938;12a:1-9.
24. Challa SP. PhD thesis; Nagpur: Nagpur University; 1993.
25. Jonker GH, Wijn HPJ, Braun PB. Ferroxplana, a phenomenon of hexagonal ferromagnetic crystals. Philips Tech Libr. 1956;18:145.
26. Kojima H. Fundamental properties of hexagonal ferrites with ferromagnetism. In: Wohlfarth EP, editor. Ferromagnetic Materials.
Amsterdam: North-Holland Physics Publishing; 1982. Vol 3, p. 305-91.
27. Pullar RC, Bhattacharya AK. The synthesis and characterization of M-type hexaferrite fibers. J Magn Magn Mater. 2006;300(2):490-9.
28. Albanese G, Deriu A. Magnetic properties of M-type hexaferrites. Ceramurgia Int. 1979;5(1):3-10.
29. Janasi SR, Emura M, Landgraf FJG, Rodrigues D. The effects of milling on the magnetic properties of hexaferrites. J Magn Magn Mater.
2002;238(2-3):168-75.
30. Smit J, Lotgering FK, Enz U. Anisotropy and magnetostriction of hexaferrites. J Appl Phys. 1960;31(5):S137.
31. Kubo O, Ido T, Yokoyama H. Properties of Ba-ferrite particles for perpendicular magnetic recording media. IEEE Trans Magn.
1982;18(6):1122-4.
32. Tauber A, Kohn JA, Savage RO. Single crystal growth of hexaferrites. J Appl Phys. 1963;14:1265.
33. Cabanas MV, Gonzalez-Calbet JM, Rodriguez-Carvajal J, Vallet-Regi M. Synthesis and characterization of hexaferrites. J Solid State
Chem. 1994;111(2):229-38.
34. Bursik J, Simsa Z, Stichauer L, Tesac R. Optical and magneto-optical properties of hexaferrites. J Magn Magn Mater. 1996;157–158:311-
2.
35. Haneda K, Zhou XZ, Morrish AH. Mössbauer study of fine particle hexaferrites. In: Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on
Ferrites (ICF6); 1992; Tokyo and Kyoto, Japan. p. 1406.
36. Mendoza-Suárez G, Rivas-Vázquez LP, Corral-Huacuz JC, Fuentes AF, Escalante-García JI. Synthesis of hexaferrites. Physica B.
2003;339(2-3):110-6.
37. Borisova NM, Golubenko ZV, Kuz’micheva TG, Ol’khovik LP, Shabatin VP. Magnetic properties of ultrafine hexaferrite powders. J Magn
Magn Mater. 1992;114:317.
38. Fujita M, Kakizaki K, Ratsuka NH, Haneda K. Preparation of hexaferrites. In: Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Ferrites
(ICF6); 1992; Tokyo and Kyoto, Japan. p. 968.39. Wang X, Xiong G, Wang X, Liu Y, Zhang L. Synthesis of barium hexaferrite. J Mater Sci Lett. 1997;16:1606.
40. Pankov VV, Pernet M, Germi P, Mollard P. Structure and magnetic properties of hexaferrites. J Magn Magn Mater. 1993;120:69.
41. Yokoyama H, Maeda T, Nomura T, Kubo O, Ido T. Recording properties of hexaferrites. In: Proceedings of the 6th International
Conference on Ferrites (ICF6); 1992; Tokyo and Kyoto, Japan. p. 1418.
42. Narang SB, Huidara LS. Microwave absorption studies in hexaferrites. J Ceram Process Res. 2006;7:113.
43. Brahma P, Banerjee S, Chakravorty D. Magnetic properties of glass-ceramic ferrites. J Appl Phys. 2005;98(6):064103.
44. Iqbal MJ, Ashiq MN. Physical and electrical properties of Zr-Cu substituted strontium hexaferrite. Chem Eng J. 2008;136(2-3):383-9.
45. Meena RS, Bhattacharya S, Chatterjee R. Magnetic and dielectric properties of hexaferrites. Mater Sci Eng B. 2010;171:133.
46. Horvath MP. Itinerant electron magnetism of hexagonal ferrites. J Magn Magn Mater. 2000;215:171-83.
47. Alvarado SF, Eib W, Siegmann HC, Remeika JP. Spin polarized photoemission from hexaferrites. J Magn Magn Mater. 1976;3(1-2):121-
3.
48. Kulikowaski J. Soft magnetic ferrites. J Magn Magn Mater. 1984;41:56.
49. Singh N, Agarwal A, Sanghi S. Structural and magnetic studies of substituted hexaferrites. Curr Appl Phys. 2011;11(3):783-8.
50. Stablein H. Hard magnetic materials. In: Wohlfarth EP, editor. Ferromagnetic Materials. Amsterdam: North-Holland Physics Publishing;
1982. Vol 3.
51. Giri J, Pradhan P, Sriharsha T, Bahadur D. Synthesis and characterization of magnetite nanoparticles. J Appl Phys. 2005;97:10Q916.
52. Verwey EJW, Haaijiman PW, Romeign EC, Von Oosterhout GW. Controlled-valency semiconductors. Philips Res Rep. 1950;5:173.
53. Singhal S, Namgyal T, Singh J, Chandra K, Bansal S. A comparative study on the magnetic properties of substituted hexaferrites. Ceram
Int. 2011;37(6):1833-7.
54. Onreabroy W, Papato K, Rujijanagul G, Pengapat K, Tunkasiri T. Characterization of lead-free ceramics. Ceram Int. 2012;38S:S415.
55. Lotgering FK. Magnetic anisotropy of hexaferrites. J Phys Chem Solids. 1974;35(12):1633-9.
56. Albanese G, Watts B, Leccabue F, Castanon SD. Magnetic properties of Ba-hexaferrite. J Magn Magn Mater. 1998;184(3):337-42.
57. Castellanos PAM, Borges ACM, Melgar GO, Garcia JA, Alcaide EG. Magnetic characterization of ferrites. Physica B. 2011;406(15-
16):3130-3.
58. Dho J, Lee EK, Park JY, Hur NH. Effects of substitution on magnetic properties of hexaferrites. J Magn Magn Mater. 2005;285(1-2):164-
7.
59. Rewatkar KG, Prakash GS, Kulkarni DK. Structural and magnetic properties of calcium hexaferrite. Mater Lett. 1996;28(4-6):365-7.
60. Tehrani MK, Ghasemi A, Moradi M, Alam RS. Synthesis and magnetic properties of substituted Ba-hexaferrite. J Alloys Compd.
2011;509(33):8398-402.
61. Angeles AG, Suarez GA, Gruskova A, Toth I, Jancarik V, Papanova M, et al. Magnetic properties of hexaferrites. J Magn Magn Mater.
2004;270(1-2):77-83.
62. Ali I, Islam MU, Awan MS, Ahmad M. Structural and magnetic properties of substituted hexaferrites. J Alloys Compd. 2013;547:118-25.
63. Tyagi S, Baskey HB, Agarwala RC, Agarwala V, Shami TC. Development of radar absorbing material using hexaferrites. Ceram Int.
2011;37(7):2631-7.
64. Hsiang HI, Liu Y. Sintering behavior and magnetic properties of Ba-hexaferrites. J Alloys Compd. 2009;472(1-2):516-20.
65. Mazen SA, Zaki HM. Physical and magnetic properties of substituted hexaferrites. J Magn Magn Mater. 2002;248(2):200-8.
66. Jazirehpour M, Shams MH, Khani O. Modified sol-gel synthesis of hexaferrites. J Alloys Compd. 2012;545:32-40.
67. Shams MH, Salehi SMA, Ghasemi A. Synthesis and characterization of Ba-hexaferrite nanoparticles. Mater Lett. 2008;62(12-13):1731-3.
68. Wartewig P, Krause MK, Esquinazi P, Rosler S, Sonntag R. Magnetic properties of substituted hexaferrites. J Magn Magn Mater.
1999;192(1):83-99.
69. Dube CL, Kashyap SC, Pandya DK, Dube DC. Dielectric properties of substituted hexaferrites. Phys Status Solidi A. 2009;206(11):2627-
32.
70. Angeles AG, Lipka J, Gruskova A, Slama J, Jancarik V, Slugen V. Mössbauer study of substituted hexaferrites. J Phys Conf Ser.
2010;217:012137.
71. Soman VV, Nanoti VM, Kulkarni DK. Synthesis and characterization of hexagonal ferrites. Mater Manuf Process. 2014;29(4):397-402.
72. Soman VV, Nanoti VM, Kulkarni DK, Soman VV. Effect of substitution of Zn-Ti on magnetic and dielectric properties
of BaFe12O19. Paper presented at: MagMA 2013: International Conference on Magnetic Materials and Applications; 2013 Dec 5-7;
Guwahati, India.
2. Smit J, Wijn HPJ. Ferrites. New York: Wiley; 1959.
3. Neel L. Propriétés optiques des ferrites de nickel et de cobalt. Ann Phys. 1948;3:137.
4. Pullar RC. Hexagonal ferrites: A review of the synthesis, properties and applications of hexaferrite ceramics. Prog Mater Sci.
2012;57(7):1191-334.
5. Singh S, Narang SB. Structural, morphological and magnetic properties of Co-Zr substituted M-type Ba-Sr hexaferrites. Ceram Int.
2019;45(9):11415-24.
6. Zhou X, Wang J, Liu Q. Recent advances in magnetic materials. J Mater Sci Technol. 2020;36:1.
7. Wang L, Hiu H, Li Z. Research progress on microwave absorbing materials. Compos Part B Eng. 2022;234:109726.
8. Li X, Feng J, Du Y. Structural and magnetic properties of hexaferrites. J Alloys Compd. 2020;820:153132.
9. Gavrila H, Ionita V. Soft magnetic materials: applications and perspectives. J Optoelectron Adv Mater. 2002;4(2):173-92.
10. Wyckoff RWG. Crystal Structures. New York: John Wiley; 1963.
11. Valant M, Suvorov D. Microstructural mechanisms of the magnetoelectric effect in ferrites. J Magn Magn Mater. 2019;469:301-10.
12. Fishman RS, Haraldsen JT. Microscopic theory of the magnetic phases of hexaferrites. Phys Rev B. 2018;98(1):014420.
13. Liu Y, Zhang X, Yang H. Influence of ion substitution on hexaferrites. J Alloys Compd. 2020;827:154287.
14. Kimura T. Magnetoelectric hexaferrites. Annu Rev Mater Res. 2021;51:1-25.
15. Soman VV, Nanoti VM, Kulkarni DK. Dielectric and magnetic properties of substituted hexaferrites. Ceram Int. 2013;39(5):5723-8.
16. Gorter EW, Went JJ, Rathenll GW. Barium hexaferrite as a permanent magnet material. Philips Tech Rev. 1952;13:194.
17. Takadas T, Kiyama M. Preparation of ferrites by wet method. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Ferrites; 1970; Japan.
Tokyo: University of Tokyo Press; 1970. p. 96.
18. Matijevic E. Monodispersed metal (hydrous) oxides—A fascinating field of colloid science. J Colloid Interface Sci. 1987;117(2):593-601.
19. Kaczmarek WA, Calka A, Ninham BW. Synthesis of ferrites by mechanochemical processing. Mater Chem Phys. 1992;32(1):43-51.
20. Sankaranarayanan VKS, Pankhurst QA, Dickson DPE, Johnson CE. Magnetic properties of fine particle hexaferrites. J Magn Magn Mater.
1993;125(1-2):199-208.
21. Shirk BT, Buesem WR. Magnetic properties of barium hexaferrite powders. J Am Ceram Soc. 1970;53(4):192-6.
22. Ataie A, Piramoon NR, Harris IR, Ponton CB. Magnetic properties of substituted barium hexaferrite. J Mater Sci. 1995;30:5600.
23. Adelskold V. X-ray studies on magneto-plumbite. Ark Kemi Mineral Geol. 1938;12a:1-9.
24. Challa SP. PhD thesis; Nagpur: Nagpur University; 1993.
25. Jonker GH, Wijn HPJ, Braun PB. Ferroxplana, a phenomenon of hexagonal ferromagnetic crystals. Philips Tech Libr. 1956;18:145.
26. Kojima H. Fundamental properties of hexagonal ferrites with ferromagnetism. In: Wohlfarth EP, editor. Ferromagnetic Materials.
Amsterdam: North-Holland Physics Publishing; 1982. Vol 3, p. 305-91.
27. Pullar RC, Bhattacharya AK. The synthesis and characterization of M-type hexaferrite fibers. J Magn Magn Mater. 2006;300(2):490-9.
28. Albanese G, Deriu A. Magnetic properties of M-type hexaferrites. Ceramurgia Int. 1979;5(1):3-10.
29. Janasi SR, Emura M, Landgraf FJG, Rodrigues D. The effects of milling on the magnetic properties of hexaferrites. J Magn Magn Mater.
2002;238(2-3):168-75.
30. Smit J, Lotgering FK, Enz U. Anisotropy and magnetostriction of hexaferrites. J Appl Phys. 1960;31(5):S137.
31. Kubo O, Ido T, Yokoyama H. Properties of Ba-ferrite particles for perpendicular magnetic recording media. IEEE Trans Magn.
1982;18(6):1122-4.
32. Tauber A, Kohn JA, Savage RO. Single crystal growth of hexaferrites. J Appl Phys. 1963;14:1265.
33. Cabanas MV, Gonzalez-Calbet JM, Rodriguez-Carvajal J, Vallet-Regi M. Synthesis and characterization of hexaferrites. J Solid State
Chem. 1994;111(2):229-38.
34. Bursik J, Simsa Z, Stichauer L, Tesac R. Optical and magneto-optical properties of hexaferrites. J Magn Magn Mater. 1996;157–158:311-
2.
35. Haneda K, Zhou XZ, Morrish AH. Mössbauer study of fine particle hexaferrites. In: Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on
Ferrites (ICF6); 1992; Tokyo and Kyoto, Japan. p. 1406.
36. Mendoza-Suárez G, Rivas-Vázquez LP, Corral-Huacuz JC, Fuentes AF, Escalante-García JI. Synthesis of hexaferrites. Physica B.
2003;339(2-3):110-6.
37. Borisova NM, Golubenko ZV, Kuz’micheva TG, Ol’khovik LP, Shabatin VP. Magnetic properties of ultrafine hexaferrite powders. J Magn
Magn Mater. 1992;114:317.
38. Fujita M, Kakizaki K, Ratsuka NH, Haneda K. Preparation of hexaferrites. In: Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Ferrites
(ICF6); 1992; Tokyo and Kyoto, Japan. p. 968.39. Wang X, Xiong G, Wang X, Liu Y, Zhang L. Synthesis of barium hexaferrite. J Mater Sci Lett. 1997;16:1606.
40. Pankov VV, Pernet M, Germi P, Mollard P. Structure and magnetic properties of hexaferrites. J Magn Magn Mater. 1993;120:69.
41. Yokoyama H, Maeda T, Nomura T, Kubo O, Ido T. Recording properties of hexaferrites. In: Proceedings of the 6th International
Conference on Ferrites (ICF6); 1992; Tokyo and Kyoto, Japan. p. 1418.
42. Narang SB, Huidara LS. Microwave absorption studies in hexaferrites. J Ceram Process Res. 2006;7:113.
43. Brahma P, Banerjee S, Chakravorty D. Magnetic properties of glass-ceramic ferrites. J Appl Phys. 2005;98(6):064103.
44. Iqbal MJ, Ashiq MN. Physical and electrical properties of Zr-Cu substituted strontium hexaferrite. Chem Eng J. 2008;136(2-3):383-9.
45. Meena RS, Bhattacharya S, Chatterjee R. Magnetic and dielectric properties of hexaferrites. Mater Sci Eng B. 2010;171:133.
46. Horvath MP. Itinerant electron magnetism of hexagonal ferrites. J Magn Magn Mater. 2000;215:171-83.
47. Alvarado SF, Eib W, Siegmann HC, Remeika JP. Spin polarized photoemission from hexaferrites. J Magn Magn Mater. 1976;3(1-2):121-
3.
48. Kulikowaski J. Soft magnetic ferrites. J Magn Magn Mater. 1984;41:56.
49. Singh N, Agarwal A, Sanghi S. Structural and magnetic studies of substituted hexaferrites. Curr Appl Phys. 2011;11(3):783-8.
50. Stablein H. Hard magnetic materials. In: Wohlfarth EP, editor. Ferromagnetic Materials. Amsterdam: North-Holland Physics Publishing;
1982. Vol 3.
51. Giri J, Pradhan P, Sriharsha T, Bahadur D. Synthesis and characterization of magnetite nanoparticles. J Appl Phys. 2005;97:10Q916.
52. Verwey EJW, Haaijiman PW, Romeign EC, Von Oosterhout GW. Controlled-valency semiconductors. Philips Res Rep. 1950;5:173.
53. Singhal S, Namgyal T, Singh J, Chandra K, Bansal S. A comparative study on the magnetic properties of substituted hexaferrites. Ceram
Int. 2011;37(6):1833-7.
54. Onreabroy W, Papato K, Rujijanagul G, Pengapat K, Tunkasiri T. Characterization of lead-free ceramics. Ceram Int. 2012;38S:S415.
55. Lotgering FK. Magnetic anisotropy of hexaferrites. J Phys Chem Solids. 1974;35(12):1633-9.
56. Albanese G, Watts B, Leccabue F, Castanon SD. Magnetic properties of Ba-hexaferrite. J Magn Magn Mater. 1998;184(3):337-42.
57. Castellanos PAM, Borges ACM, Melgar GO, Garcia JA, Alcaide EG. Magnetic characterization of ferrites. Physica B. 2011;406(15-
16):3130-3.
58. Dho J, Lee EK, Park JY, Hur NH. Effects of substitution on magnetic properties of hexaferrites. J Magn Magn Mater. 2005;285(1-2):164-
7.
59. Rewatkar KG, Prakash GS, Kulkarni DK. Structural and magnetic properties of calcium hexaferrite. Mater Lett. 1996;28(4-6):365-7.
60. Tehrani MK, Ghasemi A, Moradi M, Alam RS. Synthesis and magnetic properties of substituted Ba-hexaferrite. J Alloys Compd.
2011;509(33):8398-402.
61. Angeles AG, Suarez GA, Gruskova A, Toth I, Jancarik V, Papanova M, et al. Magnetic properties of hexaferrites. J Magn Magn Mater.
2004;270(1-2):77-83.
62. Ali I, Islam MU, Awan MS, Ahmad M. Structural and magnetic properties of substituted hexaferrites. J Alloys Compd. 2013;547:118-25.
63. Tyagi S, Baskey HB, Agarwala RC, Agarwala V, Shami TC. Development of radar absorbing material using hexaferrites. Ceram Int.
2011;37(7):2631-7.
64. Hsiang HI, Liu Y. Sintering behavior and magnetic properties of Ba-hexaferrites. J Alloys Compd. 2009;472(1-2):516-20.
65. Mazen SA, Zaki HM. Physical and magnetic properties of substituted hexaferrites. J Magn Magn Mater. 2002;248(2):200-8.
66. Jazirehpour M, Shams MH, Khani O. Modified sol-gel synthesis of hexaferrites. J Alloys Compd. 2012;545:32-40.
67. Shams MH, Salehi SMA, Ghasemi A. Synthesis and characterization of Ba-hexaferrite nanoparticles. Mater Lett. 2008;62(12-13):1731-3.
68. Wartewig P, Krause MK, Esquinazi P, Rosler S, Sonntag R. Magnetic properties of substituted hexaferrites. J Magn Magn Mater.
1999;192(1):83-99.
69. Dube CL, Kashyap SC, Pandya DK, Dube DC. Dielectric properties of substituted hexaferrites. Phys Status Solidi A. 2009;206(11):2627-
32.
70. Angeles AG, Lipka J, Gruskova A, Slama J, Jancarik V, Slugen V. Mössbauer study of substituted hexaferrites. J Phys Conf Ser.
2010;217:012137.
71. Soman VV, Nanoti VM, Kulkarni DK. Synthesis and characterization of hexagonal ferrites. Mater Manuf Process. 2014;29(4):397-402.
72. Soman VV, Nanoti VM, Kulkarni DK, Soman VV. Effect of substitution of Zn-Ti on magnetic and dielectric properties
of BaFe12O19. Paper presented at: MagMA 2013: International Conference on Magnetic Materials and Applications; 2013 Dec 5-7;
Guwahati, India.
Related Articles
2026
Fake Currency Detection Using Deep Learning
2026
Smart E-Commerce System with Dynamic Pricing
2026
Personal Expense Tracker with Currency Converter
2026
Paw Safe: An Extensive Technology-Driven Framework for Stray Dog Rescue, Healthcare Management, Community Engagement, and Smart Urban Governance
2026
Design and Development of a Full-Stack E-Commerce Website
2026
