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Original Article
A Machine Learning Framework for Automatic and Continuous MMN Detection with Preliminary Results for Coma Outcome Prediction
Hari Chandana1
Amogha P2
Bhumika S3
Chandana KN4
Chithra PK5
1 Professor, Guide, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Rajarajeswari College of Engineering, Bangalore, Karnataka, India. 2 3 4 5 Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Rajarajeswari College of Engineering, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
Published Online: November-December 2025
Pages: 105-112
Cite this article
↗ https://www.doi.org/10.59256/ijsreat.20250506016
References
1. G. B. Young, A. H. Ropper, and C. F. Bolton, Coma and Impaired Consciousness: A Clinical Perspective. New York,NY, USA: McGraw-Hill, 1998.
2. N. M. Kane, S. R. Butler, and T. Simpson, “Coma outcome prediction using event-related potentials: P3 and mismatch negativity,” Audiology and Neurotology, vol.no. 3–4, pp. 186–191, 2000.
3. H. L. Lew, J. H. Poole, A. Castaneda, R. M. Salerno, and M. Gray, “Prognostic value of evoked and event-related potentials in moderate to severe brain injury,” Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 350–360, 2006.
4. C. C. Duncan et al., “Event-related potentials in clinical research: Guidelines for eliciting, recording, and quantifying mismatch negativity, P300, and N400,” Clinical Neurophysiology, vol.120, no. 11, pp. 1883–1908, 2009.
5. “The mismatch negativity (MMN) in basic research of central auditory processing: A review,”Clinical Neurophysiology.
6. R. Näätänen, A. W. Gaillard, and S. Mäntysalo, “Early selective-attention effect on evoked potential reinterpreted,” Acta Psychologica, vol.42, no. 4, pp. 313–329, 1978.
7. D. H. Loewy, K. B. Campbell, D. R. de Lugt, M. Elton, and A. Kok, “Mismatch negativity during natural sleep: Intensity deviants,” Clinical Neurophysiology, vol. 111, no. 5, pp. 863–872,2000.
8. M. Macdonald, P. Jamshidi, and K. Campbell, “Infrequent increases in stimulus intensity may interrupt central executive functioning during REM sleep,” NeuroReport, vol. 19, no. 3, pp.309–313, 2008.
9. L. D. Sculthorpe, D. R. Ouellet, and K. B.Campbell, “MMN elicitation during natural sleep to violations of an auditory pattern,” Brain Research, vol. 1290, pp. 52–62, 2009.
10. M. Strauss et al., “Disruption of hierarchical predictive coding during sleep,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 112, no.11pp. E1353–E1362, 2015.
11. S. Blain-Moraes et al., “Normal brain response to propofol in advance of recovery from unresponsive wakefulness syndrome,” Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, vol. 10, p. 248, 2016.
12. W. Heinke et al., “Sequential effects of increasing propofol sedation on frontal
2. N. M. Kane, S. R. Butler, and T. Simpson, “Coma outcome prediction using event-related potentials: P3 and mismatch negativity,” Audiology and Neurotology, vol.no. 3–4, pp. 186–191, 2000.
3. H. L. Lew, J. H. Poole, A. Castaneda, R. M. Salerno, and M. Gray, “Prognostic value of evoked and event-related potentials in moderate to severe brain injury,” Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 350–360, 2006.
4. C. C. Duncan et al., “Event-related potentials in clinical research: Guidelines for eliciting, recording, and quantifying mismatch negativity, P300, and N400,” Clinical Neurophysiology, vol.120, no. 11, pp. 1883–1908, 2009.
5. “The mismatch negativity (MMN) in basic research of central auditory processing: A review,”Clinical Neurophysiology.
6. R. Näätänen, A. W. Gaillard, and S. Mäntysalo, “Early selective-attention effect on evoked potential reinterpreted,” Acta Psychologica, vol.42, no. 4, pp. 313–329, 1978.
7. D. H. Loewy, K. B. Campbell, D. R. de Lugt, M. Elton, and A. Kok, “Mismatch negativity during natural sleep: Intensity deviants,” Clinical Neurophysiology, vol. 111, no. 5, pp. 863–872,2000.
8. M. Macdonald, P. Jamshidi, and K. Campbell, “Infrequent increases in stimulus intensity may interrupt central executive functioning during REM sleep,” NeuroReport, vol. 19, no. 3, pp.309–313, 2008.
9. L. D. Sculthorpe, D. R. Ouellet, and K. B.Campbell, “MMN elicitation during natural sleep to violations of an auditory pattern,” Brain Research, vol. 1290, pp. 52–62, 2009.
10. M. Strauss et al., “Disruption of hierarchical predictive coding during sleep,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 112, no.11pp. E1353–E1362, 2015.
11. S. Blain-Moraes et al., “Normal brain response to propofol in advance of recovery from unresponsive wakefulness syndrome,” Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, vol. 10, p. 248, 2016.
12. W. Heinke et al., “Sequential effects of increasing propofol sedation on frontal
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